文章目录[隐藏]
Python处理日期时间有datetime和time两个module，各有相应的object，加上一般的字符串表示法、时间戳，我们在python中至少会见到这四种日期、时间格式。因为关于这些日期时间格式的转换方法总是记不住，于是将所有转换列出来，放到一个脚本中备忘，并将全部转换情形写到AutoHotkey的Hotstring中，以后记不住直接输触发字符就好了。
本文用下面四个缩略写法表示这四种日期时间格式，后面的代码备注、热字符串中都遵循这个规则。
s: date time string
ts: timestamp
do: datetime object
to: time object
一图胜千言，关于这四种格式的转换，看这个很明白了：
需要注意的是，字符串->时间戳、datetime->时间戳、时间戳->字符串这三种转换没有一步到位的方法，都需要至少两步才能实现。时间戳->字符串的转换可以分别用time、datetime对象作为中间路径，所以都有两种实现。
s2ts -> string to timestamp
do2ts -> datetime to timestamp
ts2s -> timestamp to string # 两种实现
时间戳是没有时区概念的，所以将其转换为其它格式，都提供转换为本地时间与标准时间两种写法。
import datetime
import time
date_str = "2008-11-10 17:53:59"
# s2do
dt_obj = datetime.datetime.strptime(date_str, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
print("dt_obj: %s [%s]" % (dt_obj, type(dt_obj)))
# s2to
time_tuple = time.strptime(date_str, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
print("time_tuple: %s [%s]" % (time_tuple, type(time_tuple)))
# s2ts
timestamp = time.mktime(time.strptime(date_str, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")) # 2 steps
print("timestamp: %s [%s]" % (timestamp, type(timestamp)))
# do2s
date_str = dt_obj.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
print("date_str: %s [%s]" % (date_str, type(date_str)))
# do2to
time_tuple = dt_obj.timetuple()
print("time_tuple: %s [%s]" % (time_tuple, type(time_tuple)))
# do2ts
timestamp = time.mktime(dt_obj.timetuple()) # 2 steps
print("timestamp: %s [%s]" % (timestamp, type(timestamp)))
# to2s
date_str = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time_tuple)
print("date_str: %s [%s]" % (date_str, type(date_str)))
# to2do
dt_obj = datetime.datetime(*time_tuple[0:6])
print("dt_obj: %s [%s]" % (dt_obj, type(dt_obj)))
# to2ts
timestamp = time.mktime(time_tuple)
print("timestamp: %s [%s]" % (timestamp, type(timestamp)))
# ts2do
dt_obj = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp)
print("dt_obj: %s [%s]" % (dt_obj, type(dt_obj)))
dt_obj = datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(timestamp) # 标准时间
print("dt_obj: %s [%s]" % (dt_obj, type(dt_obj)))
# ts2to
time_tuple = time.localtime(timestamp)
print("time_tuple: %s [%s]" % (time_tuple, type(time_tuple)))
time_tuple = time.gmtime(timestamp) # 标准时间
print("time_tuple: %s [%s]" % (time_tuple, type(time_tuple)))
# ts2s
date_str = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp).strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") # 2 steps
print("date_str: %s [%s]" % (date_str, type(date_str)))
date_str = datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(timestamp).strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") # 2 steps，标准时间
print("date_str: %s [%s]" % (date_str, type(date_str)))
date_str = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime(timestamp)) # 2 steps
print("date_str: %s [%s]" % (date_str, type(date_str)))
date_str = time.gmtime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime(timestamp)) # 2 steps，标准时间
print("date_str: %s [%s]" % (date_str, type(date_str)))
脚本运行结果：
dt_obj: 2008-11-10 17:53:59 [
] time_tuple: time.struct_time(tm_year=2008, tm_mon=11, tm_mday=10, tm_hour=17, tm_min=53, tm_sec=59, tm_wday=0, tm_yday=315, tm_isdst=-1) [ ] timestamp: 1226310839.0 [ ] date_str: 2008-11-10 17:53:59 [ ] time_tuple: time.struct_time(tm_year=2008, tm_mon=11, tm_mday=10, tm_hour=17, tm_min=53, tm_sec=59, tm_wday=0, tm_yday=315, tm_isdst=-1) [ ] timestamp: 1226310839.0 [ ] date_str: 2008-11-10 17:53:59 [ ] dt_obj: 2008-11-10 17:53:59 [ ] timestamp: 1226310839.0 [ ] dt_obj: 2008-11-10 17:53:59 [ ] dt_obj: 2008-11-10 9:53:59 [ ] time_tuple: time.struct_time(tm_year=2008, tm_mon=11, tm_mday=10, tm_hour=17, tm_min=53, tm_sec=59, tm_wday=0, tm_yday=315, tm_isdst=0) [ ] time_tuple: time.struct_time(tm_year=2008, tm_mon=11, tm_mday=10, tm_hour=9, tm_min=53, tm_sec=59, tm_wday=0, tm_yday=315, tm_isdst=0) [ ] date_str: 2008-11-10 17:53:59 [ ] date_str: 2008-11-10 9:53:59 [ ] date_str: 2008-11-10 17:53:59 [ ] date_str: 2008-11-10 9:53:59 [ ]
AutoHotkey的热字符串，ts2s有两种，分别是用datetime和time模块，第二种比较简洁些。
::s2do::dt_obj = datetime.datetime.strptime(date_str, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
::s2to::time_tuple = time.strptime(date_str, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
::s2ts::timestamp = time.mktime(time.strptime(date_str, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"))
::do2s::date_str = dt_obj.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
::do2to::time_tuple = dt_obj.timetuple()
::do2ts::timestamp = time.mktime(dt_obj.timetuple())
::to2s::date_str = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time_tuple)
::to2do::dt_obj = datetime.datetime(*time_tuple[0:6])
::to2ts::timestamp = time.mktime(time_tuple)
::ts2do::dt_obj = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp)
::ts2to::time_tuple = time.localtime(timestamp)
::ts2s1::date_str = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp).strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
::ts2s2::date_str = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime(timestamp))
; 标准时间写法，2/to 后面加个u
::ts2udo::dt_obj = datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(timestamp)
::ts2uto::time_tuple = time.gmtime(timestamp)
::ts2us1::date_str = datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(timestamp).strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
::ts2us2::date_str = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.gmtime(timestamp))
要获取类似Mon, 13 May 2019 10:53:05 GMT格式的时间，用：
datetime.utcfromtimestamp(time.time()).strftime('%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S GMT')
参考资料
本文修订记录
-- EOF --
本文最后修改于6年前 (2019-05-13)
(No Ratings Yet)
读取中...